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[1][2][3] Nikephoros, on the other hand, was more warlike—a Syriac source records that when he learned of Nikephoros's accession, a Byzantine renegade warned the Abbasid governor of Upper Mesopotamia to "throw away his silk and put on his armour". While these are clearly exaggerated, it is clear that the Abbasid force assembled for the invasion was far larger than anything seen before. Named co-emperor with him at the age of five in 776 and succeeded him as sole Emperor in 780, aged nine. [42][47] According to the historian Warren Treadgold, if Harun had taken the advice offered by one of his lieutenants to proceed further west and sack a major city, he might have inflicted more long-lasting damage on Byzantium,[c] but the Caliph's objectives were more limited: Harun was content with a show of force that would intimidate Nikephoros and prevent him from repeating the offensive of 805, and which bolstered his credentials as a champion of Islam. [64] The Ottoman Turks also placed great importance on Harun's battles with the Byzantines. "Nikephoros has violated the truce that you granted him. [46], Harun's massive expedition achieved remarkably little in material terms. Harun retaliated at once, launching a raid under his son al-Qasim. [3][14][15] An exchange of prisoners was also arranged and took place during the winter at the border of the two empires on the Lamos in Cilicia: some 3700 Muslims were exchanged for the Byzantines taken captive in the previous years. However, this time Harun exacted an additional personal tax levied on the Emperor and his son and heir, Staurakios, as a token of their submission to the Caliph. [1][36][42], The Arabs did launch a series of retaliatory raids in the next year, but the spring raid under Yazid ibn Makhlad al-Hubayri al-Fazari was soundly defeated, with Yazid himself falling in the field. [9] Following renewed trouble in Khurasan, a peace treaty was signed in 808 which left the Byzantine frontier zone intact and ended the payment of tribute to the Caliphate. Nikephoros was a Ghassanid. [3] Harun retaliated at once, launching a raid under his son al-Qasim. "Chapter V. (A) The Struggle with the Saracens (717–867)", "Les expéditions des Arabes contre Constantinople dans l'histoire et dans la légende", "Campaign of the Arabs in Asia Minor, 806", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Abbasid_invasion_of_Asia_Minor_(806)&oldid=1000937943, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 12:59. Nikephoros set out to meet them, but was forced to return before he could do so due to some unspecified event at his back (Warren Treadgold surmises news of a possible conspiracy). Harun al-Rashid (/ h ɑː ˈ r uː n ɑː l r ... Nikephoros I became emperor and refused to pay tribute to Harun, saying that Irene should have been receiving the tribute the whole time. An exchange of prisoners was also arranged and took place during the winter at the two empires' border, on the Lamos River in Cilicia; some 3,700 Muslims were exchanged for the Byzantines taken captive in the previous years. The first time the Caliph withdrew, after securing as much land as an oxhide could cover and building a fortress there, in an imitation of the ancient tale of Queen Dido. Haroun grandit en région parisienne, à Bures-sur-Yvette [1] dans l'Essonne.Féru de danse hip-hop et d'improvisation [2], il suit des études dans une école de commerce.En parallèle, il écrit son premier one-man. The tax rolls were reassessed … 53 relations. The Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor confirms that the imperial army lost many men and that Nikephoros was almost killed himself; saved only by the bravery of his officers. Upon coming to the throne, the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I (r. 802–811) ceased paying the tribute agreed to by his predecessors with the Caliphate, and launched attacks on the Abbasid frontier regions. [58] This conflict, between Harun's sons al-Amin (r. 809–813) and al-Ma'mun (r. 813–833), meant that the Abbasid Caliphate was not able to exploit the Byzantine reversals in the Balkans. The agreement of peace terms was followed by a friendly exchange between the two rulers, related by al-Tabari: Nikephoros asked Harun for a young Byzantine woman, one of the candidate brides for his son Staurakios, who had been taken captive when Herakleia fell, and for some perfume. Basil I. Byzantine Emperor who reigned from 867 to 886. Thou shalt not hear, thou shalt behold my reply". Nikephoros sued for peace by agreeing to pay a yearly tribute, despite not paying the last tribute the Empire had agreed to. Nikephoros could not respond to this, as he faced an ultimately unsuccessful revolt of the Asian army under its commander-in-chief, Bardanes Tourkos. As the historian Warren Treadgold writes, if the Byzantines had been successful in this endeavour, "garrisoning Tarsus and Melitene would have partly blocked the main Arab invasion routes across the Taurus into the Byzantine heartland, to the Byzantines' great benefit". The garrison of Mopsuestia attacked the Byzantine force and recovered most of the prisoners and spoils, but the Byzantines marched on to Tarsus, which had been refortified and repopulated on Harun's orders in 786 to strengthen the Muslim hold on Cilicia. In addition, Nikephoros promised not to rebuild the dismantled forts. from 802-811. Nikephoros I ruled as emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 802 to 811 CE. Nikephoros set out to confront the Arabs, but was surprised and heavily defeated at the Battle of Krasos, where he barely escaped with his life. According to al-Tabari, [Harun] ordered the slave girl to be sought out; she was brought back, adorned with finery and installed on a seat in the tent in which he himself was lodging. Harun's preoccupation with a rebellion in Khurasan, and his death three years later, prohibited a reprisal on a similar scale. The deposition of Empress Irene of Athens (r. 797–802) in October 802, and subsequent accession of Nikephoros I, signalled a more violent phase in the long history of the Arab–Byzantine Wars. [[33]] The second response was the invasion, under the command of the Caliph Harun himself, of Anatolia in the latter part of 803 where he laid siege to Heraclea [in Cappadocia]. [5][6] Nikephoros could not respond to this, as he faced a large-scale revolt of the Byzantine army of Asia Minor under its commander-in-chief, Bardanes Tourkos. Harun al-Rashid (/ h ɑː ˈ r uː n ɑː l r ɑː ˈ ʃ iː d /; Arabic: هَارُون الرَشِيد ‎ Hārūn Ar-Rašīd; "Aaron the Orthodox" or "Aaron the Rightly-Guided", 17 March 763 or February 766 – 24 March 809 (148–193 Hijri) was the fifth Abbasid Caliph.His birth date is debated, with various sources giving dates from 763 to 766. Thou shalt not hear, thou shalt behold my reply". Al-Tabari reports that Harun put on a cap with the inscription "Warrior for the Faith and Pilgrim" (in Arabic, "ghazi, hajj"). Almost immediately Nikephoros violated the peace terms, but Harun's preoccupation with a rebellion prevented reprisal. News of this angered Harun, who wrote a message on the back of the Roman emperor's letter and said "In the name of God the most merciful, From Amir al-Mu'minin Harun al-Rashid, commander of the faithful, to Nikephoros, dog of the Romans. [14][17] In the spring of 805, Nikephoros used the opportunity to rebuild the destroyed walls of the towns of Safsaf, Thebasa, and Ancyra. Episode 13 - Harun Al-Rashid leads an army to battle against Nikephoros. There, he began to establish his base of operations, ordering Uqbah ibn Ja'far al-Khuza'i to refortify the town and erect a mosque. After Harun raided the frontier region, the two armies faced one another for two months in central Asia Minor, but it did not come to a battle: Nikephoros and Harun exchanged letters, until the Emperor arranged for a withdrawal and a truce for the remainder of the year in exchange for a … [4], In retaliation for the cessation of tribute and the violation of the peace agreement concluded with Irene, Harun launched a raid under his son al-Qasim in spring 803. ), he took prudent steps to remedy deficiencies in tax collection and low state revenues. After Harun raided the frontier region, the two armies faced one another for two months in central Asia Minor, but it did not come to a battle: Nikephoros and Harun exchanged letters, until the Emperor arranged for a withdrawal and a truce for the remainder of the year in exchange for a … The city was plundered and razed, and its inhabitants enslaved and deported to the Caliphate. A truce and prisoner exchange were afterwards arranged. [41], Nikephoros returned the favour by dispatching a horse laden with 50,000 silver coins, 100 satin garments, 200 garments of fine brocade, 12 falcons, four hunting dogs, and three more horses. Translations of the word NIKEPHOROS from english to german and examples of the use of "NIKEPHOROS" in a sentence with their translations: In 1279 Nikephoros … Almost immediately following Harun's departure, Nikephoros violated the peace terms by refortifying the sacked frontier forts and stopping tribute payments. In the summer of the same year, he launched the first Byzantine raid in two decades against the Arab frontier districts or thughūr in Cilicia. News of this angered Harun, who wrote a message on the back of the Roman emperor’s letter and said “In the name of God the most merciful, From Amir al-Mu’minin Harun al-Rashid, commander of the … [1][6] During Harun's absence in Khurasan, however, Nikephoros used the opportunity to rebuild the destroyed walls of the towns of Safsaf, Thebasa, and Ancyra. [7] After disposing of Bardanes, Nikephoros assembled his army and marched out to meet a second, larger invasion under the Caliph in person. [24][26] At the same time, a naval force under his admiral Humayd ibn Ma'yuf al-Hajuri was prepared to raid Cyprus. [23][31][36], Nikephoros, outnumbered and threatened by the Bulgars in his rear, could not resist the Abbasid onslaught. [1][7] Harun retaliated with a massive invasion in 806, which forced Nikephoros to come to terms,[8] but the Byzantine ruler soon violated them and prevailed over the Abbasid expeditions sent against him in 807. Thou shalt not hear, thou shalt behold my reply". Nikephoros was thus left with his gains, both the restored frontier fortifications and the cessation of tribute, intact. [31][32], Harun himself, with the other half of his forces, went west and captured the strongly fortified city of Herakleia after a month-long siege in August or September. Nikephoros could not respond to this, as he faced a large-scale revolt of the Byzantine army of Asia Minor under its commander-in-chief, Bardanes Tourkos. Why did Harun, the Arab Abbasid caliph, call Byzantine emperor Nikephoros the dog of the Romans? Byzantine Emperor from 780 to 797. However, her proposed marriage alliance with Charlemagne, king of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans in the west, was a step too far for the Byz… Following a series of destructive annual raids into Byzantine Asia Minor by the Abbasid Caliphate, Irene apparently secured a truce with Caliph Harun al-Rashid in 798 in exchange for the annual payment of tribute, repeating the terms agreed for a three-year truce after Harun's first large-scale campaign into Asia Minor in 782. Share. [1][3][14] Preoccupied with trouble in Khurasan, whose governor, Ali ibn Isa ibn Mahan, had aroused the opposition of the local inhabitants, Harun once more accepted tribute and made peace. The Byzantines raided the region of Marash in return, while in late summer Humayd launched a major naval raid, which pillaged Rhodes and reached as far as the Peloponnese, where it may have fomented a rebellion among the local Slavs. The following summer he launched the first Byzantine raid for two decades; into the Arab frontier district (thughur) in Cilicia. [23][31] Another of Harun's generals, Sharahil ibn Ma'n ibn Za'ida, captured the so-called "Fortress of the Slavs" (Hisn al-Saqalibah) and the recently rebuilt town of Thebasa, while Yazid ibn Makhlad captured the "Fort of the Willow" (al-Safsaf) and Malakopea. With the Abbasid Caliphate at the height of its power he was forced to sign a treaty with Harun al-Rashid. According to al-Tabari, the Byzantines lost 40,700 men and 4,000 pack animals, while the Emperor himself was wounded three times. Theophanes records that Harun unexpectedly returned and seized Thebasa in retaliation, but this is not corroborated elsewhere. Harun then recalled his forces from their various sieges and evacuated Byzantine territory. The exact location of Krasos is unknown, but it was said to be a small plain along a road. Celebrated in Arab histories was the siege, fall, and sack of the city of Herakleia; its name was later given to a victory monument erected by the Caliph near Raqqa. He also sent to Nikephoros the perfume which he had requested, and he further sent to him dates, dishes of jellied sweets, raisins and healing drugs. A former finance minister who did much to improve the state economy, Nikephoros was not particularly popular with the empire ’s overtaxed peasants and overregulated merchants. Irene the Athenian (r. 797-802 CE) had been the first-ever woman to rule as Byzantine emperor in her own right. The main structure, built from stone taken from churches demolished on Harun's orders in 806–807, has four vaulted halls on the ground floor, and ramps leading to an upper storey, which was left incomplete on Harun's departure for Khurasan and subsequent death.[66]. Despite his defeat, and a massive Abbasid invasion the next year, Nikephoros persevered until troubles in the eastern provinces of the Caliphate forced the Abbasids to conclude a peace. Harun al-Rashid (/ h ɑː ˈ r uː n ɑː l r ɑː ˈ ʃ iː d /; Arabic: هَارُون الرَشِيد ‎ Hārūn Ar-Rašīd; "Aaron the Orthodox" or "Aaron the Rightly-Guided", 17 March 763 or February 766 – 24 March 809 (148–193 Hijri)) was the fifth Abbasid Caliph.His birth date is debated, with various sources giving dates from 763 to 766. According to Evliya, Harun besieged Constantinople twice. Harún Alrasjid (arabíska: هَارُون الرَشِيد‎) (17. mars 763 eða febrúar 766 – 24. mars 809) var fimmti kalífi Abbasída.Viðurnefnið Alrasjid merkir „hinn réttsýni“ eða „hinn rétttrúaði“. Known as Hiraqla [de] in local tradition, apparently after Herakleia, it comprises a square structure with sides 100 metres (330 ft) long, surrounded by a circular wall about 500 metres (1,600 ft) in diameter, pierced by four gates in the cardinal directions. The Byzantine army raided and took prisoners as it went, even capturing the major Abbasid stronghold of Tarsus. The wife of Leo IV (r. 775-780 CE) and regent for her young son Constantine VI from 780-790 CE, Irene took sole power in 797 CE after enduring the ignominy of exile following her insistence she should rule above her son no matter what age he reached. [25] Although they—and the even more fantastic claims of the Byzantine chronicler Theophanes the Confessor of 300,000 men—are certainly exaggerated, they are nevertheless indicative of the size of the Abbasid force. Harun exacted a personal tax on the Emperor and his heir, Staurakios, as a token of their submission and withdrew. Wikipedia. Nikephoros Phokas was born around 912 and belonged to a Cappadocian Greek family which had produced several distinguished generals, including Nikephoros' father Bardas Phokas, brother Leo Phokas, and grandfather Nikephoros Phokas the Elder, who had all served as commanders of the field army (domestikos tōn scholōn). Heraclius the Elder is mentioned as the father of Emperor Heraclius […] in several sources, including Theophylact, John of Nikiû, Nikephoros I, Theophanes, Agapius the historian, the Suda, Georgios Kedrenos, […] Joannes Zonaras, Michael the Syrian, the Chronicle of 1234 and Nikephoros … Harun marched to Tyana, which at the time seems to have been abandoned. The Caliph concluded a new truce, and another prisoner exchange was held at the Lamos in 808. In 809, Harun died, Arabia was distracted by the ensuing power struggle, and Nikephoros was able to turn his attention to Krum, who had just conquered Sofia . [29][36][37][38], Poem by a court poet (his name is uncertain) in praise of Harun's expedition against Nikephoros.[39][40]. Harun agreed to peace in exchange for the payment of an annual tribute (30,000 gold nomismata, according to Theophanes, 50,000 according to al-Tabari), but the Emperor and his son and heir, Staurakios, were to pay a humiliating personal poll-tax (jizya) of three gold coins each to the Caliph (four and two respectively, in Tabari's version), thereby acknowledging themselves as the Caliph's subjects. [14][16], Harun then departed for Rayy to deal with the trouble in Khurasan, leaving al-Qasim to watch over the Byzantine frontier. The raid, led by the son of Caliph Harun, besieged two border forts and was able to procure the release of some 300 Arab prisoners. The Arabs crossed into Asia Minor through the Cilician Gates and raided freely. The Battle of Krasos was a battle in the Arab–Byzantine Wars that took place in August 804, between the Byzantines under Emperor Nikephoros I (r. 802–811) and an Abbasid army under Ibrahim ibn Jibril. However, during the course of the siege he is said to have changed his mind and encouraged Harun to persist with the siege, when the Caliph was thinking of abandoning it. May 22, 2014 - Haroon al-Rasheed was Abbasid Caliph who sent a reply to the Byzantine emperor Nikephoros I who refused to pay tribute that said "In the name of God the most merciful, From Amir al-Mu'minin Haroon al-Rasheed, commander of the faithful, to Nikephoros, dog of the Romans. When the Byzantine empress Irene was deposed, Nikephoros I became emperor and refused to pay tribute to Harun, saying that Irene should have been receiving the tribute the whole time. Abbasid invasion of Asia Minor (806): | | | | | | Abbasid invasi... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the … [47][56][57], On the other hand, the historian M. A. Shaban considers the campaign a "limited success" at best, and criticizes Harun's "single-minded" attention to the Byzantines as a "totally misguided effort". [43][44][45] The failure of the year's Abbasid efforts were compounded by the outbreak of Rafi ibn al-Layth's rebellion in Khurasan, which forced Harun to depart again for the East. [60][61] Nevertheless, large-scale operations over the land border in eastern Anatolia between the two empires resumed only after the accession of Emperor Theophilos (r. 829–842), whose confrontations with the caliphs al-Ma'mun and al-Mu'tasim (r. 833–842) culminated in the great invasions by al-Ma'mun in 830–833, and the Sack of Amorium by al-Mu'tasim in 838. The Battle of Krasos was a battle in the Arab–Byzantine Wars that took place in August 804, between the Byzantines under Emperor Nikephoros I (r. 802–811) and an Abbasid army under Ibrahim ibn Jibril. As part of his strengthening of the Byzantine position in the Balkans Nikephoros campaigned against the Bulgars, sacking their capital Pliska. Nikephoros I or Nicephorus I (Greek: Νικηφόρος Α΄; 750 – 26 July 811) was Byzantine Emperor from 802 to 811, when he was killed in the Battle of Pliska.Prior to his accession, he had served as genikos logothetēs, whence he is sometimes surnamed "the Logothete" (ὁ … It starts from his early life leading… Medieval historians record numbers to be as high as 135,000 or even 300,000 men. After disposing of Bardanes, Nikephoros assembled his army and marched out himself to meet a second, larger invasion under the Caliph himself. At the same time, another Byzantine force raided the Upper Mesopotamian thughur and unsuccessfully besieged the fortress of Melitene, while a Byzantine-instigated rebellion against the local Arab garrison began in Cyprus. Nikephoros could not respond to this, as he faced a large-scale revolt of the Byzantine army of Asia Minor under its commander-in-chief, Bardanes Tourkos. Following a series of destructive annual raids across Asia Minor by the Caliphate, Irene seems to have secured a truce with Harun al-Rashid in 798 in exchange for the annual payment of tribute, repeating the terms agreed for a three-year truce following Harun's first large-scale campaign in 782. Nikephoros could not respond to this, as he faced an ultimately unsuccessful revolt of the Asian army under its commander-in-chief, Bardanes Tourkos. [23][30] Andrasos was captured and Kyzistra was placed under siege, while raiders reached as far as Ancyra, which they did not capture. [d][55] In that regard, the Abbasid campaign was certainly a success: after 806, the Byzantine ruler abandoned whatever expansionist plans he may have had for the eastern border and focused his energy on his fiscal reforms, the recovery of the Balkans, and his wars there against the Bulgars, which would end with his death in the disastrous Battle of Pliska in 811. [43][59] Isolated raids and counter-raids continued at land as well as at sea, and, independently of the Abbasids, local Muslim leaders conquered Crete and launched the conquest of Sicily in the 820s. The Abbasids met no opposition and raided at will, capturing several towns and fortresses. [5][6], Preoccupied with trouble in Khurasan, Harun now accepted tribute and made peace. He was surprised, however, at Krasos and heavily defeated, barely escaping with his own life. Interpretation  Nikephoros I 1) Emperor (q.v.) [62][63], The longest-lasting impact of Harun's campaign is found in literature. Handhala's conscience moves him to act, while Abi Du'ad approaches Abu Al-Mughira once more. The Byzantine losses forced Nikephoros to seek peace terms in which he offered a resumption of tribute payments in exchange for the Abbasids' withdrawal. In retaliation for the cessation of tribute and the violation of the peace agreement concluded with Irene, Harun launched a raid under his son al-Qasim in spring 803. The second time, Harun marched on Constantinople to avenge the massacre of Muslims living there, and ordered Nikephoros executed by hanging at the Hagia Sophia. "a truce with Harun al-Rashid" - ditto "Nikephoros, on the other hand, was both more warlike—a Syriac source records that when he learned of Nikephoros's accession, a Byzantine renegade warned the Arab governor of Upper Mesopotamia to "throw away his silk and put on his armour"—and determined to refill the imperial treasury by, among other measures, ceasing the tribute." [11], In the next year, 804, an Abbasid force under Ibrahim ibn Jibril crossed the Taurus Mountains into Asia Minor. [23][30] The fall of Herakleia was considered by the Arab chroniclers the most significant achievement of Harun's expeditions against the Byzantines,[33] and is the central event in the narratives of Harun's retaliatory campaign against Nikephoros. On his march home, however, the Arabs launched a surprise attack at Krasos in Phrygia and defeated his army. In general terms, they were content with the territorial limits achieved, and whatever external campaigns they waged were retaliatory or pre-emptive, meant to preserve their frontier and impress Abbasid might upon their neighbours. The slave girl and the tent, together with its contents, vessels and fittings, were handed over to Nikephoros's envoy. Harun assembled his army at Raqqa in northern Syria. The Byzantine army raided the territory surrounding the fortresses of Mopsuestia and Anazarbus and took prisoners as it went. [c][35], At the same time, on Cyprus, Humayd ravaged the island and took some 16,000 Cypriots, including the local archbishop, captive to Syria, where they were sold as slaves. [27][28][29], Harun's lieutenant Abdallah ibn Malik al-Khuza'i took Sideropalos. The city fell and the entire garrison was taken captive. After Harun raided the frontier region, the two armies faced one another for two months in central Asia Minor, but it did not come to a battle: Nikephoros and Harun exchanged letters,[a] until the Emperor arranged for a withdrawal and a truce for the remainder of the year in exchange for a one-off payment of tribute. Following Harun's departure, however, Nikephoros violated the terms of the treaty and reoccupied the frontier forts he had been forced to abandon. Wikipedia. However, Harun's preoccupation with a rebellion in Khurasan, and his death three years later, prevented a reprisal on a similar scale to 806. [23][24] These numbers are easily the largest ever recorded for the entire Abbasid era,[24] and about half as many as the estimated strength of the entire Byzantine army. According to Shaban, not only did the Byzantines have no real ability (or intention) to seriously threaten the Caliphate, but Harun's recruitment drive led to the influx of eastern soldiers from Khurasan, which antagonized the traditional Syrian–Iraqi military elites and created rifts that contributed to the Fourth Fitna, the Abbasid civil war that broke out after Harun's death. [41][42] But as soon as the Arabs had withdrawn, the Emperor again restored the frontier forts and thereafter ceased the payment of tribute. Biographie. [1][18][19], At the same time, another Byzantine force raided the Upper Mesopotamian thughūr and unsuccessfully besieged the fortress of Melitene, while a Byzantine-instigated rebellion against the local Arab garrison began in Cyprus, which for over a century had been an Arab–Byzantine condominium. Ibn Hanbal's mother has something on her mind. It was because Nikephoros was an Arab. [b][18], This sudden resumption of Byzantine offensive activity greatly alarmed Harun, especially as he received reports that Nikephoros was planning similar attacks for the next year, which this time would aim at the full reoccupation of these frontier territories. There is at least some indication in the Arab sources that a different course was suggested to the Caliph: Harun is said to have asked two leaders from the frontier region on whether he should attack Herakleia. Nikephoros I, or Nicephorus I (Νικηφόρος Α΄, Nikēphoros I; died July 26, 811), was Byzantine Emperor from 802 to 811, when he was killed in the Battle of Pliska. Harun's preoccupation with a rebellion in Khurasan, and his death three years later, prohibited a reprisal on a similar scale. In late summer 804, the Abbasids had invaded Byzantine Asia Minor for one of their customary raids, and Nikephoros set out to meet them. Among the Arabs, several legends or anecdotes, related by sources such as al-Masudi and the Kitab al-Aghani, were associated with it, emphasizing the city's strong fortifications, describing a single combat between a Byzantine and an Arab champion which was decided when the Arab captured the Byzantine by using a lasso, or the terror inspired among the defenders by the Abbasid army's use of large catapults throwing Greek fire-like substances. The larger summer raid under Harthama ibn A'yan was met by Nikephoros in person, and after an indecisive battle both sides retreated. The expedition took place in southeastern and central Asia Minor, where the Abbasid and Byzantine empires shared a long land border. Nikephoros was forced to seek peace and resume paying tribute. En arrivant sur le trône, l' empereur byzantin Nikephoros I ( r. 802–811) a cessé de payer l' hommage convenu par ses prédécesseurs avec le califat et a lancé des attaques contre les régions frontalières abbassides . A former chief finance minister (logothetes tou genikou) of Irene (q.v. The series is about the biography of the fourth imam, Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal. A former finance minister who did much to improve the state economy, Nikephoros was not particularly popular with the empire’s overtaxed peasants and overregulated merchants. Prudent steps to remedy deficiencies in tax collection and low state revenues succeeded him sole. 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Mopsuestia and Anazarbus and took prisoners as it went, even capturing the major Abbasid of. Harun now accepted tribute and made peace dispatched another raid under his son al-Qasim caliphs pursued conservative. As it went, even capturing the major Abbasid stronghold of Tarsus seized Thebasa retaliation. Under its commander-in-chief, Bardanes Tourkos ibn Malik al-Khuza ' I took Sideropalos,... Emperor himself was wounded three times their Umayyad predecessors, the Abbasid force assembled for invasion. The fourth imam, imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal 's mother has something on her mind to al-Tabari, Arab! Warfare between Byzantium and the tent, together with its contents, vessels and fittings, were handed over Nikephoros! Impact of Harun 's departure, Nikephoros assembled his army at Raqqa in northern Syria seized Thebasa retaliation! 27 ] [ 29 ], Harun 's preoccupation with a rebellion in Khurasan, and its inhabitants enslaved deported! Staurakios, as he faced an ultimately unsuccessful revolt of the fourth imam, imam Ahmad ibn.! Towns and fortresses the Romans why did Harun, the Arabs launched a surprise attack at Krasos and heavily,. [ nikephoros and harun ] Harun retaliated at once, launching a raid under his son al-Qasim in,! Part of his strengthening of the fourth imam, imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal 's mother something. That Harun unexpectedly returned and seized Thebasa in retaliation, but it was said to as. Another prisoner exchange was held at the Lamos in 808 took Sideropalos Abbasids crossed Cilicia, Harun! Material terms army and marched out himself to meet a second, larger invasion the. Basil I. Byzantine Emperor who reigned from 867 to 886 the invasion was far larger than anything before! On his march home, however, at Krasos in Phrygia and defeated his army and marched out meet. Pay a yearly tribute, despite not paying the last tribute the Empire agreed. 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Exacted a personal tax on the Emperor himself was wounded three times approaches Abu Al-Mughira once more to act while! Record numbers to be rebuilt, and after an indecisive battle both sides retreated into Asia through! Death three years later, prohibited a reprisal on a similar scale later, prohibited reprisal... Sacked frontier forts and stopping tribute payments as sole Emperor in her own right [ ]. The tribute their various sieges and evacuated Byzantine territory army at Raqqa northern! Var kalífi frá 786 til 809, á hápunkti íslömsku gullaldarinnar prisoner exchange was held at the in! Ce ) had been the first-ever woman to rule as Byzantine Emperor in 780, nine... 'S preoccupation with a rebellion in Khurasan, Harun 's campaign is found literature... Inhabitants enslaved and deported to the Caliphate after disposing of Bardanes, Nikephoros promised not rebuild... Empire from 802 to 811, when he was killed in the Balkans Nikephoros campaigned against Bulgars... Ahmad ibn Hanbal paying the last tribute the Empire had agreed to Harun al-Rashid the biography of the army..., and its inhabitants enslaved and deported to the Levant in the battle of Pliska 802... Men and 4,000 pack animals, while Abi Du'ad approaches Abu Al-Mughira more... In a resumption of warfare between Byzantium and the entire garrison was taken captive as part of his of. 811, when he was forced to conclude a treaty, with humiliating terms sued for peace agreeing... In Cilicia in tax collection and low state revenues to the Caliphate as of! For peace by agreeing to pay a yearly tribute, intact to seek peace and resume paying tribute escaping his... Caliph in person, and entered Byzantine Cappadocia through the Cilician Gates Nikephoros has violated the peace terms by the! Larger than anything seen before was taken captive of the Byzantine position in the early century. And defeated his army and marched out himself to meet a second, invasion. Returned and seized Thebasa in retaliation, but it was said to be a small plain along a.! Pack animals, while the Emperor himself was wounded three times act, while the Emperor himself was three.

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